Venkatapati Bavi - Kanakagiri

Venkatappa Bavi, one of Karnataka’s finest historical stepwells. Built in the 16th century, this architectural marvel features intricately carved pillars, shrines to the Hindu trinity, and captivating sculptures, showcasing the artistic brilliance of the Vijayanagara era.

Venkatappa Bavi is a famous historical site in Kanakagiri. The popular saying, “Those with eyes must see Kanakagiri and those with legs must visit Hampi,” highlights the region’s significance. According to local legends, the place was named Kanakagiri because the sage Kanaka performed penance here, leading to a shower of gold. During the Vijayanagara Empire, the Guzzal dynasty rulers governed Kanakagiri as feudal lords from 1436 to 1833 AD. Known for their love of architecture, these rulers built several temples, Mantapas, wells and ponds in Kanakagiri. Among these, Venkatappa Bavi stands out as one of the most beautiful monuments. This well features a grand Mantapa with exquisite carvings. Venkatappanayaka, the brother of KanakappaUdachanayaka I (1578–1618), constructed this well in the 16th century. It was named ‘Venkatappa Bavi’ after him and is also known as ‘Lakshabhavi’, as he spent one lakh Varahas (gold coins) to build it. The well has a central water reservoir surrounded by a columned veranda. On the eastern side, there is an upper structure supported by intricately carved pillars. The complex houses shrines dedicated to the Hindu trinity: Vishnu to the west, Brahma to the south and Maheshwara (Shiva) to the north, symbolizing perfect harmony. There are four staircases, one at each corner, leading into the well. The main entrance is on the southern side, featuring broad steps. On the left wall of the staircase, there are captivating carvings of Gajasura Samhara – a depiction of Lord Shiva slaying the elephant demon. Shiva is shown dancing with various weapons, while Nandi stands below. To Shiva’s right is the elephant’s head and front legs, while its hind legs are on the left, with the demon’s skin stretched around. Beyond the entrance lies an open courtyard. The eastern side features an arched semicircular gateway leading to the well. The Vishnu shrine on the western side has a Sanctum and an Ante-chamber. In front of the Ante-chamber is a unique Chandrasila (moonstone) not found in other temples of the region. The Mantapa alongside the shrine has Vijayanagara-style composite pillars adorned with carvings of lions, dancers and musicians. To the east of the well, there is a square water-lifting platform (Ethakatte) with a balcony and an outlet for overflowing water. Below the balcony stand two stunning Vijayanagara-style pillars. These pillars feature lion sculptures supporting warriors armed with swords. The lions rest their hind legs on elephants, symbolizing strength. Originally, the lion mouths held rotating stone balls, though they are now damaged. The ceiling of the balcony showcases intricate geometric carvings. This well was constructed for drinking water, bathing and irrigating gardens. Nearby stands the residence of Venkatappa Nayaka, which houses a statue of the horse-riding ruler himself. Venkatappa Bavi remains one of Karnataka’s finest historical stepwells, showcasing the architectural brilliance of the Vijayanagara era.